Why Peace Fails: The Causes and Prevention of Civil War Recurrence

Why Peace Fails: The Causes and Prevention of Civil War Recurrence

by Charles T. Call
ISBN-10:
158901894X
ISBN-13:
9781589018945
Pub. Date:
04/15/2012
Publisher:
Georgetown University Press
ISBN-10:
158901894X
ISBN-13:
9781589018945
Pub. Date:
04/15/2012
Publisher:
Georgetown University Press
Why Peace Fails: The Causes and Prevention of Civil War Recurrence

Why Peace Fails: The Causes and Prevention of Civil War Recurrence

by Charles T. Call
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Overview

Why does peace fail? More precisely, why do some countries that show every sign of having successfully emerged from civil war fall once again into armed conflict? What explains why peace "sticks" after some wars but not others?

In this illuminating study, Charles T. Call examines the factors behind fifteen cases of civil war recurrence in Africa, Asia, the Caucasus, and Latin America. He argues that widely touted explanations of civil war—such as poverty, conflict over natural resources, and weak states—are far less important than political exclusion. Call’s study shows that inclusion of former opponents in postwar governance plays a decisive role in sustained peace.

Why Peace Fails ultimately suggests that the international community should resist the temptation to prematurely withdraw resources and peacekeepers after a transition from war. Instead, international actors must remain fully engaged with postwar elected governments, ensuring that they make room for former enemies.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781589018945
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Publication date: 04/15/2012
Pages: 288
Sales rank: 546,315
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 8.90(h) x 1.00(d)
Age Range: 18 Years

About the Author

Charles T. Call is an assistant professor in the School of International Studies at American University. He was previously a senior fellow at the US Institute of Peace and is the editor of Building States to Build Peace and Constructing Security and Justice after War. He has conducted research in Afghanistan, West Africa, Bosnia, Kosovo, Haiti, Colombia, Chechnya, and Central America.

Table of Contents

Introduction: The Tragedy of Civil War RecurrenceThe Importance of This BookThe Central ArgumentContributions to TheoryResearch Design and MethodologyOrganization of the BookNotes

Part I: Why Peace Fails: Theory

1. What Do We Know about Why Peace Fails?What We Know about Civil Wars and Ethnic ConflictFour Approaches to PeacebuildingClarifying Concepts: Exclusion, Inclusion, and LegitimacyConclusionNotes 2. Is Civil War Recurrence Distinct from Its Onset?: A Quantitative Analysis and the Limits ThereofA Regression Analysis of Civil War RecurrenceThe Contributions and Limitations of Quantitative Methods for Studying Civil WarsConclusionNotes

Part II: Examining the Cases

3. Liberia: Exclusion and Civil War Recurrence The First Civil WarThe Onset of PeaceThe Second Civil War: A Brief SummaryCharles Taylor’s Exclusionary BehaviorAlternative ExplanationsInsights from Liberia’s Second Postwar Peace ProcessConclusionNotes

4. Separatist Recurrences of Civil WarSudan: The Marginalization of the SouthChechnya: Reneging and ResistanceGeorgia and South Ossetia: Integration BackfiresChina and Tibet: Compelled from AutonomyAnalyzing Cases of Reneging on Territorial AutonomyNotes

5. Nonseparatist Recurrences of Civil WarPrecipitating Exclusionary BehaviorThe Central African Republic: Exclusion and State WeaknessHaiti: Political Exclusion and RecurrenceEast Timor: Liberation, Statehood, and ExclusionZimbabwe: Liberation, Statehood, and ExclusionBurundi and Rwanda: Chronic Exclusionary BehaviorAlternative Explanations and ConclusionsNotes

6. Recurrences That Defy the ArgumentLebanon: Failed PowersharingMali: Failed PowersharingNicaragua: Externally Driven Recurrence Peru: Exclusion, Coca, and Rebel ResurgenceConclusionNotes

7. Making Peace Stick: Inclusionary Politics and Twenty-Seven Nonrecurrent Civil WarsInclusion, Powersharing, and Peacebuilding SuccessPowersharing and Peace Consolidation: Examining the Pool of CasesBeyond Powersharing: Inclusionary Behavior and PeacePeace and Exclusionary Behavior? International Troops and ‘Frozen’ ConflictsNotes

Part III: Implications for Theory and Practice

8. Conclusions for Theory: Legitimacy-Focused PeacebuildingThe Main Findings of the BookRethinking the Aims and Approaches of PeacebuildingAddressing LimitationsNotes

9. Conclusions for Policy and Practice: Can External Actors Build Legitimacy after War?Why Legitimacy-Building Is Exceptionally DifficultBeyond Blanket Inclusionary Formulas: Four ‘Moments’ for Key Choices and External StrategyConclusionNotes

ReferencesIndex

What People are Saying About This

Timothy D. Sisk

Countries that fall into civil war are likely to see future violence. Charles Call’s impressive book—rich with theoretical insight and rife with empirical evidence—offers new evidence into precisely why that’s the case. This carefully researched, accessibly written, and engagingly argued book underscores the essential ingredients of inclusivity and legitimacy; its findings and recommendations should be essential reading for students, scholars, and practitioners alike.

Barbara Walter

This book takes on one of the biggest policy problems facing policymakers today: internal armed conflicts have a nasty habit of repeating themselves and we don't really know why. Using a mix of quantitative analysis and numerous case studies, Charles Call carefully reveals the importance of political inclusion in preventing repeat violence, and in the process offers important and timely policy prescriptions. This will be required reading for anyone struggling to prevent and put an end to cycles of seemingly endless war.

From the Publisher

"This important new book offers fresh insights into the failure of peace agreements that will be of great interest to scholars and policymakers alike."—Chandra Sriram, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

"Countries that fall into civil war are likely to see future violence. Charles Call's impressive book—rich with theoretical insight and rife with empirical evidence—offers new evidence into precisely why that's the case. This carefully researched, accessibly written, and engagingly argued book underscores the essential ingredients of inclusivity and legitimacy; its findings and recommendations should be essential reading for students, scholars, and practitioners alike."—Timothy D. Sisk, University of Denver

"Thoughtful and thorough, Why Peace Fails combines the systematic reasoning of a social scientist with the contextualized insight of a practitioner. Charles Call has drawn on his experience in both arenas and produced a study of what makes for success and failure in peace operations. It is well worth the closest attention of both scholars and policymakers."—Michael W. Doyle, Columbia University

"Charles Call has written the next important statement on why some states that come out of a civil war trend toward peace while others return to violence. Bringing to bear a deep knowledge of existing theories of the causes of and solutions to civil wars and a rich understanding of a wide range of cases, Call makes a compelling case that political exclusion is an important but overlooked reason for cycles of violence. This is the sort of book that should be read and discussed by both scholars and practitioners."—Michael N. Barnett, University Professor of International Relations and Political Science, The George Washington University

"This book takes on one of the biggest policy problems facing policymakers today: internal armed conflicts have a nasty habit of repeating themselves and we don't really know why. Using a mix of quantitative analysis and numerous case studies, Charles Call carefully reveals the importance of political inclusion in preventing repeat violence, and in the process offers important and timely policy prescriptions. This will be required reading for anyone struggling to prevent and put an end to cycles of seemingly endless war."—Barbara Walter, professor, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego

Michael N. Barnett

Charles Call has written the next important statement on why some states that come out of a civil war trend toward peace while others return to violence. Bringing to bear a deep knowledge of existing theories of the causes of and solutions to civil wars and a rich understanding of a wide range of cases, Call makes a compelling case that political exclusion is an important but overlooked reason for cycles of violence. This is the sort of book that should be read and discussed by both scholars and practitioners.

Chandra Sriram

This important new book offers fresh insights into the failure of peace agreements that will be of great interest to scholars and policymakers alike.

Michael W. Doyle

Thoughtful and thorough, Why Peace Fails combines the systematic reasoning of a social scientist with the contextualized insight of a practitioner. Charles Call has drawn on his experience in both arenas and produced a study of what makes for success and failure in peace operations. It is well worth the closest attention of both scholars and policymakers.

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