Table of Contents
Acknowledgements 11
Part I Introduction to this Commentary 13
1 Preliminary Questions 13
1.1 The Existence of the Sayings Source 13
1.2 The Reconstruction of Q 14
1.2.1 The Critical Edition of Q 14
1.2.2 Narratological Access to Q 14
1.2.3 Consequences for this Commentary 16
1.2.4 Textual Fluidity as an Essential Feature of Q 17
1.2.5 Textual Basis for this Commentary 18
2 Positioning this Commentary among other Q-Commentaries 18
2.1 Status Quaestionis 18
2.2 Aliquid Novi? 20
Part II Introductory Questions to Q 22
1 The Time and Place of Q's Composition 22
1.1 The Time of Q's Literal Composition 22
1.2 The Place of Composition 23
2 The Community behind the Sayings Source 23
2.1 Q and Early Judaism 23
2.1.1 Jesus vs. Torah? 24
2.1.2 Anti-Jewish Polemics in Q? 25
2.1.3 Gentile Mission in Q? 25
2.2 The Authors of Q 27
2.2.1 Itinerant Prophets 27
2.2.2 … and Village Scribes 27
2.3 The Heritage Contained in Q 28
2.3.1 Q as Witness to Early Jesus Traditions 28
2.3.2 The Heritage of Q 31
3 Extent and Structure of Q 32
3.1 Deviations from the Lukan Sequence 33
3.1.1 The Q-Order Proposed by the CEQ 33
3.1.2 Modifications of the CEQ-Sequence 34
3.2 Extent of the Q-Text 35
3.3 The Structure of the Q-Text 36
3.4 The Narrative Plot of Q 39
3.4.1 Narrative Cycle 1: The Main Actors John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth (Q 3:2b-7:35) 40
3.4.2 Narrative Cycle 2: The Missionaries The Messengers of the Son of Man (Q 9:57-11:13) 41
3.4.3 Narrative Cycle 3: The Adversaries Natural and Supernatural Opponents (Q 11:14-52; 16:17-18) 42
3.4.4 Narrative Cycle 4: Consequences for the Community Confidence in Distress (Q 12:2-13:21) 44
3.4.5 Narrative Cycle 5: Consequences for the Opponents Announcement of Judgement (Q 13:24-14:23) 45
3.4.6 Narrative Cycle 6: Instructions for the End Times The Disciples in Attendance at the Parousia (Q 14:26-17:6) 45
3.4.7 Narrative Cycle 7: The impending End (Q 17:23-22:30) 46
3.5 Q's Plot and the Stages of Salvation History 46
3.6 Oral Performance and Literal Framing 47
Part III Commentary to the Sayings Source 48
Title and Introduction of Q? 48
Narrative Cycle 1 The Main Actors John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth (Q3:2b-7:35) 48
Narrative Unit 1 The Message of John (Q 3:2b-l7) 49
Narrative Unit 2 The Baptism and Testing of Jesus (Q 3:21-22; 4:1-13.16) 55
Narrative Unit 3 Jesus' Programmatic Address (Q 6:20-49) 59
Narrative Unit 4 The Gentile Officer's Faith in Jesus' Word (Q 7:1-10) 70
Narrative Unit 5 John and Jesus (Q 7:18-35 and 16:16) 72
Narrative Cycle 2 The Missionaries The Messengers of the Son of Man (Q 9:57-11:13) 81
Narrative Unit 1 Radical Discipleship (Q 9:57-60) 82
Narrative Unit 2 Instruction for Mission (Q 10:2-16) 84
Narrative Unit 3 The Special Revelation of the Son (Q 10:21-24) 95
Narrative Unit 4 The Trustful Prayer of the Disciples (Q ll:2b-4.9-13) 98
Narrative Cycle 3 The Adversaries Natural and Supernatural Opponents (Q 11:14-52; 16:17-18) 104
Narrative Unit 1 Jesus' Victory over the Demons (Q 11:14-26) 105
Narrative Unit 2 The Judgement over »This Generation« (Q 11:16.29-32) 109
Narrative Unit 3 Let your Light Shine! (Q 11:33-35) 112
Narrative Unit 4 Against Pharisees and Scribes of the Law (Q 16:17-18; 11:39-52) 114
Narrative Cycle 4 Consequences for the Community Confidence in Distress (Q 12:2-13:21) 128
Narrative Unit 1 Proclaiming Jesus without Fear (Q 12:2-12) 128
Narrative Unit 2 Search for the Reign of God! (Q 12:22b-34) 133
Narrative Unit 3 The Coming of the Son of Man (Q 12:39-59) 137
Narrative Unit 4 Parables of the Reign of God (Q 13:18-21) 141
Narrative Cycle 5 Consequences for the Opponents Announcement of Judgement (Q 13:24-14:23) 143
Narrative Cycle 6 Instructions for the End Times The Disciples in Attendance at the Parousia (Q 14:26-17:21) 155
Narrative Unit 1 Discipleship without Compromise (Q 14:26-17:2) 155
Narrative Unit 2 The Forgiveness of God and of One Another (Q 15:4-10; 17:4) 161
Narrative Unit 3 Faith Like a Mustard Seed (Q 17:6) 164
Narrative Cycle 7 The Impending End (Q 17:23-22:30) 165
Narrative Unit 1 The Day of the Son of Man (Q 17:23-37; 19:12-26) 165
Narrative Unit 2 Judging the Twelve Tribes of Israel (Q 22:28.30) 172
Part IV Excursi 176
Excursus 1 Reign of God, Disempowerment of Satan, Son of Man 176
1.1 The Reign of God 176
1.1.1 The Term »Reign of God« 176
1.1.2 Origins of the Term 176
1.2 The Disempowerment of Satan 178
1.3 The Son of Man 179
1.4 Reading Q Against the Back drop of Early Jewish Assumptions 179
1.4.1 The Expectations of the Baptist 179
1.4.2 Jesus' Paradigm Shift 180
1.4.3 Jesus' Experience 180
1.4.4 Jesus' Continuation of the Baptist's Ideas 180
1.4.5 The Restitution of Humanity 181
1.4.6 The Son of Man in Jesus' Thought and in Q 182
Excursus 2 The Use of Scripture, in Q 185
2.1 The Sacred Scriptures of the Authors behind Q 185
2.1.1 The >Canon< of the Jewish >Bible< 185
2.1.2 Aramaic Sources of Q. 186
2.1.3 The so-called >Septuagint< 187
2.2 Scriptural Quotations in Q 188
2.2.1 Direct and Indirect Quotations 188
2.2.2 Direct Quotations in Q 189
2.2.3 Indirect Quotations in Q 190
2.2.4 Index of Direct and indirect Quotations in Q 190
2.3 Results 195
Excursus 3 God's Advocacy for the Poor and the »Violent Fate of Prophets» 196
3.1 God's Advocacy for the Poor 196
3.1.1 Piety in Poverty in Early Judaism 196
3.1.2 Jesus' Advocacy for the Poor 197
3.1.3 Advocacy for the Poor in the Sayings Source 198
3.2 The »Violent Fate of Prophets» 199
3.3 Textual Pragmatics of Piety in Poverty and the »Violent Fate of Prophets« 199
Excursus 4 Apocalyptic Patterns in Q 200
4.1 Eschatological Chaos 200
4.1.1 The Eschatological Testing 200
4.1.2 »This Generation« 201
4.1.3 Eschatological War and Disruption of Families 202
4.1.4 Imagery of Violence and Insistence 203
4.2 The Eschatological Peace of God 204
4.2.1 Restitution of the Peace of Paradise 204
4.2.2 The Materially Noticeable Peace of God 205
4.2.3 Emblematic Non-Violence and Confidence in God 205
4.3 Jesus' Optimism vs. Judgement in Q? 206
4.3.1 Ambivalent Eschatological Expectations 206
4.3.2 A Comparison with Other Early Jewish Writings 206
Excursus 5 Parables and Metaphorical Imagery in Q 207
5.1 General Considerations on the Parables of Jesus 207
5.1.1 Parables and the Historical Jesus 207
5.1.2 Parables in the Sayings Source 208
5.1.3 The Message of Q-Parables 210
5.2 Gendered Couplets in Q's Imagery 211
5.2.1 Gendered Couplets 211
5.2.2 … and their Interpretation in Feminist Exegesis 211
Bibliography 213
1 Primary Literature 213
1.1 Classic Literature 213
1.1.1 Early Jewish Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 213
1.1.2 Qumran Manuscripts 213
1.1.3 Philo and Josephus 213
1.1.4 Pagan Authors 214
1.1.5 Rabbinic Literature 214
1.1.6 Early Christian Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 214
1.1.7 Patristic Literature 214
1.2 Edition of the Sayings Source 215
2 Tools 215
3 Secondary Literature 215
Index 229
1 Subject Index 229
2 Index of Primary Sources 230
2.1 Old Testament 230
2.2 Early Jewish Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 232
2.3 Dead Sea Scrolls 233
2.4 Philo of Alexandria 234
2.5 Josephus 234
2.6 Greek and Roman Authors 234
2.7 New Testament (including the Sayings Source) 234
2.8 Targums 237
2.9 Rabbinic Writings 237
2.10 Patristic Writings 237
2.11 Early Christian Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 238
