| Preface | xiii |
| Maps | xiv |
| Preface to the Penguin Classics Edition | xvii |
| Chronology | xix |
| I | Introduction | 1 |
| A Bird's-eye View of Fifty Years of Dead Sea Scrolls Research | 1 |
| The Present State of Dead Sea Scrolls Studies | 10 |
| Qumran and the New Testament | 21 |
| Qumran's Greatest Novelty | 23 |
| II | The Community | 26 |
| Appendix | The Essenes and the Qumran Community | 46 |
| III | The History of the Community | 49 |
| IV | The Religious Ideas of the Community | 67 |
| List of Abbreviations | 91 |
| Note on This Translation | 93 |
| A | The Rules | |
| The Community Rule (1QS, 4Q255-64, 4Q280, 286-7, 4Q502, 5Q11,13) | 97 |
| Community Rule manuscripts from Cave 4 | 118 |
| (1) | 4QS[superscript d]=4Q258 | 118 |
| (2) | 4QS[superscript e]=4Q259 | 123 |
| Entry into the Covenant (4Q275) | 125 |
| Four Classes of the Community (4Q279) | 126 |
| The Damascus Document (CD, 4Q265-73, 5Q12, 6Q15) | 127 |
| Damascus Document manuscripts from Cave 4 | 146 |
| (1) | The opening of the Damascus Document according to 4QD (4Q266-8) | 147 |
| (2) | Initiation rules (4Q266) | 148 |
| (3) | Rules relating to the disqualification of priests (4Q266, 267, 273) | 148 |
| (4) | Diagnosis of skin disease (4Q266, 269, 272, 273) | 149 |
| (5) | Rules concerning gleanings and agricultural priestly dues (4Q266, 269, 270, 271) | 151 |
| (6) | The penal code and the renewal of the covenant ritual (4Q266, 270) | 152 |
| (7) | A hybrid Community Rule-Damascus Document text (4Q265) | 155 |
| The Messianic Rule (1QSa=1Q28a) | 159 |
| The War Scroll (1QM, 1Q33, 4Q491-7, 4Q471) | 163 |
| The War Scroll from Cave 4 (4Q491, 493) | 186 |
| The Book of War (4Q285, 11Q14) | 188 |
| The Temple Scroll (11QT=11Q19-21, 4Q365a, 4Q524) | 191 |
| MMT (Some Observances of the Law) (4Q394-9) | 221 |
| The Wicked and the Holy (4Q181) | 230 |
| 4Q Halakhah A (4Q251) | 231 |
| 4Q Halakhah B (4Q264a) | 234 |
| 4Q Tohorot (Purities) A (4Q274) | 235 |
| 4Q Tohorot B[superscript a]-B[superscript b] (4Q276-7) | 238 |
| 4Q Harvesting (4Q284a) | 240 |
| The Master's Exhortation to the Sons of Dawn (4Q298) | 241 |
| 4Q Men Who Err (4Q306) | 243 |
| Register of Rebukes (4Q477) | 244 |
| Remonstrances (before Conversion?) (4Q471[superscript a]) | 246 |
| B | Hymns and Poems | |
| The Thanksgiving Hymns (1QH, 1Q36, 4Q427-32) | 249 |
| Hymnic Fragment (4Q433a) | 306 |
| Apocryphal Psalms (I) (11QPs[superscript a]=11Q5, 4Q88) | 307 |
| Apocryphal Psalms (II) (4Q88) | 314 |
| Apocryphal Psalms (III) (11QapPs[superscript a]=11Q11) | 316 |
| Non-canonical Psalms (4Q380-81) | 319 |
| Lamentations (4Q179, 4Q501) | 327 |
| Songs for the Holocaust of the Sabbath (4Q400-407, 11Q17, Masada 1039-200) | 329 |
| Poetic Fragments on Jerusalem and 'King' Jonathan (4Q448) | 340 |
| Hymn of Glorification A and B (4Q491, fr. 11 - 4Q471b) | 342 |
| C | Calendars, Liturgies and Prayers | |
| Calendars of Priestly Courses (4Q320-30, 337) | 347 |
| Calendrical Document C (4Q326) | 363 |
| Calendrical Document D (4Q394 1-2) | 364 |
| Calendric Signs (Otot) (4Q319) | 365 |
| 'Horoscopes' or Astrological Physiognomies (4Q186, 4Q534, 4Q561) | 370 |
| Phases of the Moon (4Q317) | 373 |
| A Zodiacal Calendar with a Brontologion (4Q318) | 374 |
| Order of Divine Office (4Q334) | 376 |
| The Words of the Heavenly Lights (4Q504-6) | 377 |
| Liturgical Prayer (1Q34 and 34 bis) | 381 |
| Prayers for Festivals (4Q507-9) | 382 |
| Daily Prayers (4Q503) | 384 |
| Prayer or Hymn Celebrating the Morning and the Evening (4Q408) | 386 |
| Blessings (1QSb=1Q28b) | 387 |
| Benedictions (4Q280, 286-90) | 391 |
| 4QBerakhot[superscript a]: Blessings (4Q286) | 391 |
| 4QBerakhot[superscript b]: Curses of Belial (4Q286-7) | 394 |
| 4QBenedictions: Curses of Melkiresha' (4Q280) | 395 |
| Confession Ritual (4Q393) | 396 |
| Purification Ritual A (4Q512) | 397 |
| Purification Ritual B (4Q414) | 398 |
| A Liturgical Work (4Q392-3) | 399 |
| D | Historical and Apocalyptic Works | |
| Apocalyptic Chronology or Apocryphal Weeks (4Q247) | 403 |
| Historical Text A (4Q248) | 404 |
| Historical Texts C-E (4Q331-3) | 405 |
| Historical Text F (4Q468e) | 407 |
| The Triumph of Righteousness or Mysteries (1Q27, 4Q299-301) | 408 |
| Time of Righteousness (4Q215a) | 410 |
| The Renewed Earth (4Q475) | 411 |
| A Messianic Apocalypse (4Q521) | 412 |
| E | Wisdom Literature | |
| The Seductress (4Q184) | 417 |
| Exhortation to Seek Wisdom (4Q185) | 419 |
| A Parable of Warning (4Q302) | 422 |
| Sapiential Didactic Work A (4Q412) | 423 |
| A Sapiential Work (i) (4Q413) | 424 |
| A Sapiential Work (ii) (4Q415-18, 423, 1Q26) | 425 |
| A Sapiential Work (iii): Ways of Righteousness (4Q420-21) | 439 |
| A Sapiential Work: Instruction-like Composition (4Q424) | 441 |
| The Two Ways (4Q473) | 443 |
| Bless, My Soul (4Q434-8) | 444 |
| A Leader's Lament (4Q439) | 449 |
| Fight against Evil Spirits (4Q444) | 450 |
| Songs of the Sage (4Q510-11) | 451 |
| Beatitudes (4Q525) | 455 |
| F | Bible Interpretation | |
| Introductory Note | 461 |
| Aramaic Bible Translations (Targums) | 463 |
| The Targum of Job (11Q10, 4Q157) | 465 |
| The Targum of Leviticus (4Q156) | 471 |
| Appendix (A) | Greek Bible Translations (4Q119-22, 7Q1-2) | 472 |
| Appendix (B) | Other Greek Fragments (4Q126-7, 7Q3-19) | 472 |
| The Reworked Pentateuch (4Q158, 364-7) | 474 |
| A Paraphrase of Genesis and Exodus (4Q422) | 478 |
| The Genesis Apocryphon (1QapGen, 1Q20) | 480 |
| Genesis Commentaries (4Q252-4a) | 492 |
| Genesis Commentary C (4Q254) | 495 |
| Genesis Commentary D (4Q254a) | 496 |
| Commentaries on Isaiah (4Q161-5, 3Q4) | 497 |
| Commentaries on Hosea (4Q166-7) | 501 |
| Commentary on Micah (1Q14, 4Q168) | 503 |
| Commentary on Nahum (4Q169) | 504 |
| Commentary on Habakkuk (1QpHab) | 509 |
| Commentary on Zephaniah (1Q15, 4Q170) | 517 |
| Commentary on Malachi (4Q253a) | 518 |
| Commentary on Psalms (1Q16, 4Q171, 4Q173) | 519 |
| Commentary on an Unidentifiable Text (4Q183) | 524 |
| Florilegium or Midrash on the Last Days (4Q174) | 525 |
| Testimonia or Messianic Anthology (4Q175) | 527 |
| Ordinances or Commentaries on Biblical Law (4Q159, 4Q513-14) | 529 |
| The Heavenly Prince Melchizedek (11Q13) | 532 |
| Consolations or Tanhumim (4Q176) | 535 |
| Catenae or Interpretation of Biblical Texts on the Last Days (4Q177, 4Q182) | 536 |
| G | Bibliocally Based Apocryphal Works | |
| Jubilees (4Q216-28, 1Q17-18, 2Q19-20, 3Q5, 4Q482(?), 11Q12) | 539 |
| The Prayer of Enosh and Enoch (4Q369) | 543 |
| The Book of Enoch (4Q201-2, 204-12) | 545 |
| The Book of Giants (1Q23-4, 2Q26, 4Q203, 530-33, 6Q8) | 549 |
| An Admonition Associated with the Flood (4Q370, 4Q185) | 551 |
| The Ages of the Creation (4Q180) | 553 |
| The Book of Noah (1Q19, 1Q19 bis, 4Q534-6, 6Q8,19) | 554 |
| Words of the Archangel Michael (4Q529, 6Q23) | 556 |
| The Testament of Levi (i) (4Q213-14, 1Q21) | 557 |
| Testaments of the Patriarchs: The Testament of Levi or Testament of Jacob (4Q537 and 540-41) | 561 |
| The Testament of Judah and Joseph (4Q538-9) | 563 |
| The Testament of Naphtali (4Q215) | 564 |
| Narrative and Poetic Composition[superscript a-c] (4Q371-3) | 565 |
| The Testament of Qahat (4Q542) | 568 |
| The Testament of Amram (4Q543-9) | 570 |
| The Words of Moses (1Q22) | 574 |
| Sermon on the Exodus and the Conquest of Canaan (4Q374) | 576 |
| A Moses Apocryphon[superscript a] (4Q375) | 577 |
| A Moses Apocryphon[superscript b] (4Q376, 1Q29) | 578 |
| A Moses Apocryphon[superscript c] (4Q408) | 579 |
| Apocryphal Pentateuch B (4Q377) | 580 |
| A Moses (or David) Apocryphon (4Q373, 2Q22) | 581 |
| Prophecy of Joshua (4Q522, 5Q9) | 582 |
| A Joshua Apocryphon (i) or Psalms of Joshua (4Q378-9) | 583 |
| A Joshua Apocryphon (ii) (Masada 1039-211) | 586 |
| The Samuel Apocryphon (4Q160) | 587 |
| A Paraphrase on Kings (4Q382) | 589 |
| An Elisha Apocryphon (4Q481[superscript a]) | 590 |
| A Zedekiah Apocryphon (4Q470) | 591 |
| A Historico-theological Narrative based on Genesis and Exodus (4Q462-4) | 592 |
| Tobit (4Q196-200) | 594 |
| Apocryphon of Jeremiah (4Q383, 385a, 387, 387a, 388a, 389-90) | 602 |
| The New Jerusalem (4Q554-5, 5Q15, 1Q32, 2Q24, 4Q232, 11Q18) | 607 |
| Pseudo-Ezekiel[superscript a-d] (4Q385, 386, 385b, 388, 385c) | 611 |
| The Prayer of Nabonidus (4Q242) | 614 |
| Para-Danielic Writings (4Q243-5) | 615 |
| The Four Kingdoms (4Q552-3) | 616 |
| An Aramaic Apocalypse (4Q246) | 617 |
| Proto-Esther(?) (4Q550) | 619 |
| List of False Prophets (4Q339) | 621 |
| List of Netinim (4Q340) | 622 |
| H | Miscellanea | |
| The Copper Scroll (3Q15) | 625 |
| Cryptic Texts (4Q249, 250, 313) | 632 |
| Two Qumran Ostraca | 634 |
| I | Appendix | |
| Scroll Catalogue | 639 |
| Index of Qumran Texts | 657 |
| Major Editions of Qumran Manuscripts | 668 |
| General Bibliography | 672 |
| General Index | 677 |
