Table of Contents

The Bible, History, and Archaeology 15

Abbreviations 21

Examples 1-30 Historical People in the Old Testament

1 Ahab, King of Israel 25

2 Ahaz, King of Judah 26

3 Ben-hadad, Son of Hazael, King of Aram (Syria) 29

4 Cyrus and Darius I, Kings of Persia 30

5 David, King of Israel-His Dynasty and His Palace 34

6 Gedaliah (Official under King Zedekiah) and His Father, Pashhur 37

7 Hazael, King of Aram (Syria) 38

8 Hezekiah, King of Judah 41

9 Hilkiah (High Priest in Jerusalem) and His Son Azariah 43

10 Hoshea, King of Israel 45

11 Isaiah, Prophet in Jerusalem 47

12 Jehoash, King of Israel 49

13 Jehucal (Official under King Zedekiah) and His Father, Shelemiah 50

14 Jeroboam II, King of Israel 52

15 Jehu, King of Israel 53

16 Manasseh, King of Judah 55

17 Menahem, King of Israel 57

18 Mesha, King of Moab 58

19 Nebuchadnezzar II and Evil-merodach, Kings of Babylon 61

20 Nebusarsechim, Nergal-sharezer, and Nebuzaradan, Officials under the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar 64

21 Omri, King of Israel 65

22 Pekah, King of Israel 68

23 Rezin of Damascus, King of Aram (Syria) 70

24 Sanballat, Governor of Samaria under the Persians 72

25 Shaphan and Gemariah, Officials in Jerusalem 74

26 Tattenai, Governor of "Across the River" (Trans-Euphrates) 76

27 Tiglath-pileser III, Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, Sennacherib, and Esar-haddon, Kings of Assyria 78

28 Tirhakah, King of Cush and Pharaoh of Egypt 81

29 Uzziah (Azariah), King of Judah 84

30 Xerxes and Artaxerxes, Kings of Persia 86

Examples 31-41 Historical Events in the Old Testament

31 The Assyrian Campaign against the Philistine City of Ashdod 91

32 The Assyrian Siege and Capture of Lachish 93

33 The Battle between the Cushites and the Assyrians during the Reign of Hezekiah 97

34 The Campaign of Shishak, Pharaoh/King of Egypt, into Judah 99

35 The Defeat of the Egyptians by the Babylonians at Carchemish 101

36 The Capture and Exile of the Egyptian City of Thebes by the Assyrians 104

37 Harvesting Cedar Logs from Lebanon 106

38 Jehoiachin, Exiled King of Judah, Given Rations in Babylon 109

39 King Sennacherib's Invasion of Judah and His Unsuccessful Siege of Jerusalem 112

40 The Murder of the Assyrian King Sennacherib by His Sons 114

41 The Presence of the Israelites in Canaan, the Land West of the Jordan River 116

Examples 42-51 Historical Places in the Old Testament

42 Azekah, Fortress City of Judah 121

43 Beth-shan (Beth-shean), City at the Jezreel Valley and Jordan Valley Intersection 124

44 Damascus, Capital City of Aram (Syria) 127

45 Dan (Laish), City of Northern Israel 129

46 Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, and Ekron, Cities of Philistia 133

47 Gezer, Fortress City of Israel 137

48 Hazor, Fortress City in Northern Israel 140

49 Megiddo, Fortress City Guarding the Jezreel Valley 143

50 Memphis, Capital City of Egypt 147

51 Tyre and Sidon, Powerful Coastal Cities of Phoenicia/ Canaan 150

Examples 52-75 Historical People in the New Testament

52 Annas (Ananus) and Caiaphas, Jewish High Priests 157

53 Aretas IV, King of Nabatea/Petra 159

54 Bernice, Sister of Herod Agrippa II 163

55 Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor 165

56 Caesar Claudius, Roman Emperor 168

57 Caesar Tiberius, Roman Emperor 171

58 Candace (Kandake), Queen of the Ethiopians 174

59 Drusilla, Jewish Wife of Felix and Sister of Herod Agrippa I 177

60 The Egyptian "Who Led a Revolt during the Time of the Roman Governor Felix 179

61 Erastus, Official in Corinth 181

62 Felix (Marcus Antonius Felix), Roman Governor (Procurator) of Judea 183

63 Gallio (Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeus), Proconsul of Achaia 186

64 Herod the Great 188

65 Herod Agrippa I, Grandson of Herod the Great 191

66 Herod Agrippa II, Son of Herod Agrippa I and Great-Grandson of Herod the Great 193

67 Herod Antipas, Son of Herod the Great and Tetrarch of Galilee 196

68 Herod Archelaus, Son of Herod the Great and Ruler of Judea 199

69 Herod Philip, Son of Herod the Great and Tetrarch of Trachonitis 201

70 Herodias, Wife of Herod Philip and Herod Antipas 203

71 Jesus Christ 205

72 Judas the Galilean 212

73 Pontius Pilate, Roman Governor (Procurator) of Judea 215

74 Porcius Festus, Roman Governor (Procurator) of Judea 217

75 Quirinius, Governor of Syria 218

Examples 76-84 Historical Events and Groups in the New Testament

76 Caesar Claudius Evicts the Jews from Rome 223

77 Famine during the Reign of Caesar Claudius 225

78 The Jewish Community at Cyrene, City in North Africa 228

79 John the Baptist Is Killed by Herod Antipas 231

88 The Pharisees and Sadducees 233

81 Pontius Pilate Crucifies Jesus, the Messiah (Christ) 236

82 The Prohibition against Bringing Gentiles into the Temple 239

83 Sailing to Rome on Alexandrian Grain Ships 242

84 Synagogues in the First Century AD 244

Examples 85-101 Historical Places in the New Testament

85 Caesarea Maritima, City on the Coast of Judea 251

86 Caesarea Philippi, City at the Headwaters of the Jordan River 254

87 Capernaum, City by the Sea of Galilee 257

88 The Cities of the Decapolis 260

89 Corinth, City in Greece 263

80 The Forum of Appius and the Three Taverns: Stopping Stations in Italy 267

91 Jericho, City by the Jordan River 270

92 The Jewish Temple in Jerusalem 273

93 Laodicea, City in Asia Minor 276

94 Miletus, Port City in Asia Minor 278

95 Pergamum, City in Asia Minor 281

96 Philippi, City in Macedonia 284

97 Sardis, City in Asia Minor 287

98 Syracuse, Rhegium, Puteoli: Cities in Sicily and Italy 290

99 The Temple of the Goddess Artemis at Ephesus 294

100 The Theater in the City of Ephesus 297

101 Thessalonica, the City Officials, and the Via Egnatia 299

Conclusion 303

Image Credits 305